Dynamic Reports with RMarkdown

In this practical, I will analyse two datasets and show reproducible results in a dynamic document created in R Markdown. R Markdown is great because I can integrate code directly into my document, and easily use italics and bold using formatting tags.

Fast Food Nutrition

Overview

Source: Wikipedia

The mcdonalds data contains 24 pieces of information for 260 menu items. The data originally come from https://www.kaggle.com/mcdonalds/nutrition-facts.

Data

Here is a table showing the first 6 columns in the data

Calories Histogram

Across all items, the mean number of calories is 368.27 and the maximum is 1880. The following plot is a histogram showing the distribution of calories across all menu items

Calories and Sodium Scatterplot

Is there a relationship between the number of calories and sodium in mcdonalds items? To answer this, let’s start by showing a scatterplot:

Calories by Category

Which menu categories have the most calories? To answer this, we’ll start by creating a barplot showing the the mean calories for each menu category

Here is a table showing summary statistics of each category

Category	Min	Mean	Median	Max
Beef & Pork	240	494	500	750
Beverages	0	114	100	280
Breakfast	150	527	470	1150
Chicken & Fish	190	553	480	1880
Coffee & Tea	0	284	270	760
Desserts	45	222	250	340
Salads	140	270	255	450
Smoothies & Shakes	210	531	540	930
Snacks & Sides	15	246	260	510

Regression

To see if there is a relationship between calories and sodium across menu items, I conducted a regression analysis using the lm() function in R, here are the main results:

term	estimate	std.error	statistic	p.value
(Intercept)	-134.2	46.1	-2.9	0
Calories	1.7	0.1	16.3	0

Happiness

Overview

Source: http://www.miratelinc.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/10-happiest-countries-2015.jpg

The happiness data contains 12 pieces of information for 155 countries. The data originally come from the World Happiness Report but were taken from https://www.kaggle.com/unsdsn/world-happiness.

Data

Here is a table showing a few columns from the data

Happiness histogram

The mean happiness score across all countries is 5.35. The following plot is a histogram showing the distribution of Happiness scores across all menu items

Freedom Happiness Scatterplot

What is the relationship between freedom and happiness? To answer this, I started by creating a scatterplot with a point for each country:

Regression

I then conducted a regression analysis using the lm() function in R, here are the main results:

term	estimate	std.error	statistic	p.value
(Intercept)	2.6	0.16	16.0	0
Freedom	2.5	0.35	7.3	0
Health..Life.Expectancy.	3.2	0.22	14.3	0