Principles

.title[
# Principles
]
.author[
### Visualizing and communicating data with R <a href='https://therbootcamp.github.io'> The R Bootcamp @ Unibas </a> <a href='https://therbootcamp.github.io/DataViz_Unibas2023Nov/'> </a>  <a href='https://therbootcamp.github.io'> </a>  <a href='therbootcamp@gmail.com'> </a>  <a href='https://www.linkedin.com/company/27090302'> </a>
]
.date[
### November 2023
]

---

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 <a href="https://therbootcamp.github.io/">
 
 
 https://therbootcamp.github.io
 
 
 </a>
 <a href="https://therbootcamp.github.io/">
 
 The R Bootcamp | November 2023
 
 </a>
 
 </div>

---

# Topics

<ul>
 <li class="m1">Context</li>
 
 <li class="m2">Cognitive limitations</li>
 <ul class="level">
 <li>Reduce 'clutter'?</li>
 <li>Create order</li>
 <li>Give focus</li>
 <li>Leverage prior knowledge</li>
 </ul>
 
 <li class="m3">Graph types</li>
 <ul class="level">
 <li>Text, tables, charts</li>
 <li>Do's and dont's</li>
 </ul>
</ul>

]

<img src="image/badplot.jpg" height="400px"> 
from <a href="https://www.modernanalyst.com/Resources/BusinessAnalystHumor/tabid/218/ID/3516/Data_Analysis_Conclusions.aspx">modernanalyst.com</a>

]

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# Topics

]

<img src="image/storytelling.jpg" height="400px"> 
from <a href="http://www.storytellingwithdata.com/">storytellingwithdata.com</a>

]

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# What is the context?

<ul>
 <li class="m1">Purpose</li>
 <ul class="level">
 <li>Exploration</li>
 <li><high>Explanation</high></li>
 </ul>
 
 <li class="m2">Audience</li>
 <ul class="level">
 <li>Prior knowledge</li>
 <li>Expectations</li>
 </ul>
</ul>

]

<img src="image/audience.png" height="400px"> 
from <a href="">upbeatagency.com</a>

]

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# Cognitive limitations

<ul>
 <li class="m1"><high>Memory-</high> and <high>attention span</high> of humans are limited.</li> 
 <li class="m2">Information processing is strongly influenced by:</li>
 <ul class="level">
 <li><high>Top-down</high>: expectations and prior knowledge</li>
 <li><high>Bottom-up</high>: visual characteristica</li>
 </ul>
 </li>
</ul>

]

.pull-right5[

<img src="image/homer.png" height="400px"> 
from <a href="https://www.pinterest.de/pin/458311699553074413/?lp=true">pinterest.de</a>

]

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# Cognitive limitations

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---

# Cognitive limitations

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.pull-right5[

<img src="image/3s1.png" height="380px"> 
adapted from <a href="http://www.storytellingwithdata.com/">storytellingwithdata.com</a>

]

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# Cognitive limitations

]

.pull-right5[

<img src="image/3s2.png" height="380px"> 
adapted from <a href="http://www.storytellingwithdata.com/">storytellingwithdata.com</a>

]

---

# Reduce 'clutter'

<ul>
 <li class="m1">Remove all <high>unnecessary</high> elements.</li>
 <li class="m2"><high>Empty spaces</high> in visualizations are as important as pauses in speaking.</li>
</ul>

]

.pull-right6[

<img src="image/table1.png" height="380px"> 
adapted from <a href="http://www.storytellingwithdata.com/">storytellingwithdata.com</a>

]

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# Reduce 'clutter'

]

.pull-right6[

<img src="image/table2.png" height="380px"> 
adapted from <a href="http://www.storytellingwithdata.com/">storytellingwithdata.com</a>

]

---

# Reduce 'clutter'

]

.pull-right6[

<img src="image/table3.png" height="380px"> 
adapted from <a href="http://www.storytellingwithdata.com/">storytellingwithdata.com</a>

]

---

# Create order

.pull-left3[
<ul>
 <li class="m1">Align elements along <high>implicit lines</high>.</li>
 <li class="m2">Again: <high>Empty spaces</high> in visualizations are as important as pauses in speaking.</li>
</ul>
]

.pull-right6[

<img src="image/clutter1.png" height="380px"> 
adapted from <a href="http://www.storytellingwithdata.com/">storytellingwithdata.com</a>

]

---

# Create order

.pull-right6[

<img src="image/clutter2.png" height="380px"> 
adapted from <a href="http://www.storytellingwithdata.com/">storytellingwithdata.com</a>

]

---

# Give focus

.pull-left3[
<ul>
 <li class="m1">Use <high>few colors</high> and use them <high>strategically</high> (applies also to contrast).</li>
 
 <li class="m2">Choose colors that are <high>appropriate</high> and <high>pleasing</high>.</li>
 <ul class="level">
 <li>Tools: <a href="https://color.adobe.com/de/create">color.adobe.com</a> oder <a href="https://coolors.co/">coolors.co</a></li>
 <li>Farbsätze: <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/viridis/vignettes/intro-to-viridis.html">viridis</a></li>
 </ul>
 
 <li class="m3">Be <high>consistent</high>.</li>
</ul>

]

.pull-right6[

<img src="image/marriage1.png" height="400px"> 
adapted from <a href="http://www.storytellingwithdata.com/">storytellingwithdata.com</a>

]

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# Give focus

]

.pull-right6[

<img src="image/marriage2.png" height="400px"> 
adapted from <a href="http://www.storytellingwithdata.com/">storytellingwithdata.com</a>

]

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# Give focus

]

.pull-right6[

<img src="image/colorwheel.png" height="400px"> 
see <a href="https://color.adobe.com/de/create">color.adobe.com</a>

]

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# Give focus

]

.pull-right6[

<img src="image/colorwheel2.png" height="400px"> 
see <a href="https://coolors.co/">coolors.co</a>

]

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# Text chart

<ul>
 <li class="m1">If it is about a single number, present it as text.</li>
</ul>

]

.pull-right6[

<img src="image/text2.png" height="400px"> 
adapted from <a href="http://www.storytellingwithdata.com/">storytellingwithdata.com</a>

]

---

# Tables

<ul>
 <li class="m1">Are <high>precise</high> and complete.</li>
 <li class="m2">Are <high>processed serially</high> and need time.</li>
 <li class="m3"><high>Decluttered tables</high> are easier to read.</li>
 <li class="m4"><high>Colors</high> can help with giving focus.</li>
</ul>
]

.pull-right6[

<img src="image/table5.png" height="340px"> 
adapted from <a href="http://www.storytellingwithdata.com/">storytellingwithdata.com</a>

]

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# Charts

<ul>
 <li class="m1">Are <high>processed in parallel</high>.</li>
 <li class="m2">Are often <high>easier to understand</high> than tables.</li>
 <li class="m3">Are often <high>more difficult to create</high> than tables.</li>
</ul>

]

.pull-right6[

<img src="image/graphs.png" height="440px"> 
adapted from <a href="http://www.storytellingwithdata.com/">storytellingwithdata.com</a>

]

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# Annotation

<ul>
 <li class="m1">Annotation is <high>very important</high></li>
 <li class="m2">Always useful:</li>
 <ul class="level">
 <li>Axes titles</li>
 </ul>
 
 <li class="m3">Mostly useful:</li>
 <ul class="level">
 <li>Plot title</li>
 </ul>
 
 <li class="m4">Often useful:</li>
 <ul class="level">
 <li>Subtitle</li>
 <li>Legend</li>
 <li>Annotations in the plot</li>
 </ul>
</ul>

]

<img src="image/breakup.png" height="400px"> 
adapted from <a href="http://www.storytellingwithdata.com/">storytellingwithdata.com</a>

]

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<h1><a href="">Practical</a> What's wrong with this?</h1>

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<img src="image/oecd.jpeg" height="540px"> 
adapted from <a href="https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/13330">World Bank</a>

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<img src="image/harding.png" height="540px"> 
from <a href="https://www.hardingcenter.de/sites/default/files/2021-05/DE_mRNA-Impfung_Begleittext.pdf">Harding Center for Risk Literacy</a>