Styling

.title[
# Styling
]
.author[
### Visualizing and communicating data with R <a href='https://therbootcamp.github.io'> The R Bootcamp @ Unibas </a> <a href='https://therbootcamp.github.io/DataViz_Unibas2023Nov/'> </a>  <a href='https://therbootcamp.github.io'> </a>  <a href='therbootcamp@gmail.com'> </a>  <a href='https://www.linkedin.com/company/27090302'> </a>
]
.date[
### November 2023
]

---

<div class="my-footer">
 
 
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 <a href="https://therbootcamp.github.io/">
 
 
 https://therbootcamp.github.io
 
 
 </a>
 <a href="https://therbootcamp.github.io/">
 
 The R Bootcamp | November 2023
 
 </a>
 
 </div>

---

# Styling plots

<ul>
 <li class="m1">Save plot as <highm>gg</highm> object.</li>
 <li class="m2">Use existing <highm>theme_*()</highm> presets.</li>
 <li class="m3">Customize details using <highm>theme()</highm>.</li>
 <li class="m4">Adjust dimensions using <highm>scale_*()</highm>.</li>
 <li class="m5">Add an notion using <highm>labs()</highm>.</li>
 <li class="m6">Write your plot as a <highm>.pdf</highm> or <highm>.png</highm>.</li>
</ul>

]

<img src="styling_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

---

# The <mono>gg</mono> object

<ul>
 <li class="m1">The output of <mono>ggplot()</mono> can be stored in an <mono>gg</mono> object.</li>
 <li class="m2">The <mono>gg</mono> object can be expanded using <mono>+</mono> and the plot can be generated by a simple print.</li>
</ul>

```r
# store plot as object
my_plot <- ggplot(basel, 
 aes(x = year, 
 y = income_median, 
 col = quarter)) +
 geom_line() + 
 geom_point()
```

]

```r
my_plot 
```

]

---

# `theme_*()`

<ul>
 <li class="m1">Using <mono>theme_*()</mono> the plot can be styled according to various presets.</li>
 <li class="m2">A few <mono>theme</mono>s:
 
 <ul class="level">
 <li><mono>theme_gray()</mono></li>
 <li><mono>theme_classic()</mono></li>
 <li><mono>theme_void()</mono></li>
 <li><mono>theme_minimal()</mono></li>
 <li><mono>theme_excel() (<mono>ggthemes</mono>)</mono></li>
 <li><mono>theme_economist() (<mono>ggthemes</mono>)</mono></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
</ul>

]

```r
my_plot + theme_classic()
```

]

---

# `theme_*()`

]

```r
my_plot + theme_excel()
```

]

---

# `theme_*()`

]

```r
my_plot + theme_economist()
```

]

---

# `theme_*()`

]

```r
my_plot + theme_wsj()
```

]

---

# `theme_*()`

]

```r
my_plot + theme_minimal()
```

]

---

# `theme()`

<ul>
 <li class="m1">With <high>96 arguments</high> <mono>theme()</mono> permits specification of all aesthetic details.</li>
 <li class="m2">Makes uses of helper functions:</li>
 <ul class="level">
 <li><mono>element_rect()</mono> | for rectangles</li>
 <li><mono>element_line()</mono> | for lines</li>
 <li><mono>element_text()</mono> | for text</li>
 <li><mono>element_blank()</mono> | for removals</li>
 </ul>
</ul>

```r
# Using theme
my_plot + 
  theme(argument = element_*(), 
        argument = element_*(),
        ...)
```

]

<img src="image/theme.png">

]

---

# `theme()`

```r
# Fixing the legend
my_plot + 
  theme_minimal() +
  
  # move legend to bottom
  theme(legend.position = "bottom")
```

]

]

---

# `theme()`

```r
# Fixing the legend
my_plot + 
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom",
        
        # remove legend title
        legend.title = element_blank())
```

]

]

---

# `theme()`

<ul>
 <li class="m1">With <high>87 arguments</high> <mono>theme()</mono> permits specification of all aesthetic details.</li>
 <li class="m2">Makes uses of helper functions:</li>
 <ul class="level">
 <li><mono>element_rect()</mono> | for rectangles</li>
 <li><mono>element_line()</mono> | for lines</li>
 <li><mono>element_text()</mono> | for text</li>
 <li><mono>element_blank()</mono> | for removals</li>
 </ul>
</ul>

```r
# Fixing the legend
my_plot + 
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(
    legend.position = "bottom",
    legend.title = element_blank(),
    
    # reduce legend text size
    legend.text = element_text(size = 7))
```

]

]

---

# `theme`

<ul>
 <li class="m1"><mono>theme</mono>s can be stored in an object.</li>
 <li class="m2"><mono>theme</mono> objects are not functions.</li>
</ul>

```r
# save my theme
my_theme <- theme(
 legend.position = "bottom",
 legend.title = element_blank(),
 legend.text = element_text(size = 7))

# Add my theme
my_plot + 
  theme_minimal() + 
  my_theme
```

]

]

---

# `scale_*()`

<ul>
 <li class="m1">Various <mono>scale_*()</mono> permit specification of all <high>dimensions</high>, including axes, colors, sizes, etc.</li>
 <li class="m2">Groups of <mono>scale_*()</mono> functions:</li>
 <ul class="level">
 <li><mono>scale_xy_*</mono> | Scales axes</li>
 <li><mono>scale_color_*</mono> | Scales colors</li>
 <li><mono>scale_size_*</mono> | Scales sizes</li>
 <li><mono>scale_alpha_*</mono> | Scales opacity</li>
 </ul>
</ul>

]

]

---

# `scale_*()`

<ul>
 <li class="m1">Various <mono>scale_*()</mono> permit specification of all <high>dimensions</high>, including axes, colors, sizes, etc.</li>
</ul>

```r
# Fixing the legend
my_plot + 
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(
    legend.position = "bottom",
    legend.title = element_blank(),
    legend.text = element_text(size=7)) + 
  
  # color using viridis
  scale_color_viridis_d()
```

]

]

---

# Wrangling

<ul>
 <li class="m1">Again, wrangling can help with plotting.</li>
 <li class="m2">The order of discrete variables can be controlled using <highm>factors</highm>.</li>
</ul>

```r
# change data
basel_order <- basel %>%
 
 # factor ordered by income in 2001
 arrange(year, income_median) %>% 
 mutate(quarter = as_factor(quarter))

# show data
basel_order
```

]

```
# A tibble: 357 × 10
 year quarter quarter_no N
 <dbl> <fct> <dbl> <dbl>
 1 2001 Altstadt Klei… 12 1659
 2 2001 Clara 13 2416
 3 2001 Matthäus 17 9089
 4 2001 Rosental 16 2499
 5 2001 Klybeck 18 4053
 6 2001 St. Johann 11 10493
 7 2001 Kleinhüningen 19 1363
 8 2001 Iselin 10 9853
 9 2001 Gundeldingen 6 11224
10 2001 Breite 4 5433
# ℹ 347 more rows
# ℹ 6 more variables:
# income_mean <dbl>,
# income_median <dbl>,
# income_gini <dbl>,
# wealth_mean <dbl>,
# wealth_median <dbl>, …
```

]

---

# Wrangling

<ul>
 <li class="m1">Colors are assigned according to the <high>order of factor levels</high>.</li>
</ul>

```r
basel_order %>%
  
  # original code
  ggplot(aes(x = year, y = income_median, 
             col = quarter)) +
  geom_line() + geom_point() +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(
    legend.position = "bottom",
    legend.title = element_blank(),
    legend.text = element_text(size=7)) + 
  
  # ordered implicitly
  scale_color_viridis_d()
```

]

]

---

# <mono>viridis</mono>